{"id":2214,"date":"2019-06-24T06:57:45","date_gmt":"2019-06-24T06:57:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lossi36.com\/?p=2214"},"modified":"2023-03-15T15:15:54","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T15:15:54","slug":"saving-the-forgotten-homes-of-the-borderland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lossi36.com\/2019\/06\/24\/saving-the-forgotten-homes-of-the-borderland\/","title":{"rendered":"Saving the forgotten homes of the borderland"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is the fifth in a series of articles written by the graduates of 2018\u2019s\u00a0Solidarity Academy<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0and re-published in collaboration with Lossi 36. Solidarity Academy is an international project aimed at inspiring and supporting the development of the young intellectuals across Europe. 2018\u2019s Solidarity Academy focused on the borderlands of Central and Eastern Europe, taking on questions of memory, identity and remembrance.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Lodged between a line of trees fringing the road from Tujsk to Cyganek and the Tuga river in the \u017bu\u0142awy region of Poland, the\u00a0Ma\u0142y Holender<\/em>\u00a0(The Little Dutch Boy) gives off the impression of a typical exhibition house. The idea of pleasant country life is represented by a cut-out of a cow and pieces of wooden cheese lookalikes nailed to the porch. The Polish flag hanging from the top gives the arcaded front a homely yet alien feel, a distinct constellation of old forms and modern tools, underlined by the noises of the crackling river and cars speeding on the nearby road.<\/p>\n

Remnants of a rich cultural history<\/strong><\/h5>\n

There is something special about this house, something that connects it to the troubled history of Poland and the status of the \u017bu\u0142awy region in the Pomeranian Voivodeship as one of the most storied borderlands of the country. \u201cAfter the Second World War there were about two hundred houses like this, now there are only about ten that have survived,\u201d explains Marek Opitz, who had spent ten years of his life restoring this nearly-destroyed building to its former glory. He is now starting a business hoping that the flatlands of \u017bu\u0142awy and their rich cultural history will be of interest to tourists.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe discovered some old cheese recipes and started selling them here. We also recreated the Machandel vodka from the 18th century, and here you can also taste it now and try the traditional way of drinking it,\u201d Opitz says. \u201cThe food is also based on an old recipe. It all comes in the framework of an all house and traditional experience.\u201d<\/p>\n

The history of arcaded houses like the Maly Holender, as well as the region itself, is heavily tied with the Mennonites who migrated into the region in the mid-1500s from lands that today we know as the Netherlands and Germany in order to escape religious persecution by the Habsburgs in the turmoil of the Reformation. Soon about a thousand members of the Anabaptist community lived in Gdansk and in 1562 Michael Loitz, a wealthy merchant,\u00a0invited them to settle<\/a> <\/strong>to the area around the Tuga river. Besides leaving their cultural mark in the Friesian-style arcades, windmills and other pieces of folklore over the region, Mennonites introduced new irrigation techniques that helped to drain swamps in the area and save the land laying below sea level from flooding. Over the centuries they became an integral part of local history.<\/p>\n

This is the history that Opitz, along with a handful of historians, local experts and businesses want to preserve. But, as he explains, such endeavours sometimes come with heavy costs. Even though the Polish government has allocated nearly 160 million euros in funding for cultural purposes in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, up to two million of which organisations can apply for, struggles with bureaucracy and a still lacking interest in the region have created significant obstacles to those investing in arcaded houses. \u201cRenovating a house like this can consume millions and millions of zloty. If you want to do it by the book and keep all formalities, it is really expensive. If you do it on your own, at some point you\u2019ll just be fed up with it,\u201d Opitz describes.<\/p>\n

Struggling to preserve the borderland\u2019s past<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The ten-year-long process was tedious as it did not only involve refurbishing the building, but also taking it apart brick by brick and putting them back together on a land that took Opitz an entire year to acquire. First he thought he could use about 80 per cent of the original material, but as hidden deteriorations started to reveal themselves, he realised he could use less than half of the original building. The costs kept piling up. He finally finished renovations in 2013 and set out to find a way for the house to earn back what had been spent on it. Now he is hosting visitors and is selling cheese, liquor and food based on local recipes for people looking for a taste of the real \u017bu\u0142awy.<\/p>\n

Izabela Chojnacka had gone through similar struggles with her own passion project in the area. The writer who prides herself in collecting and preserving local histories had also bought and renovated an old village house years ago. She fell in love with it during the weary project of restoration. \u201cMy ex-husband thought it was way too expensive. But I wanted to find myself a house that has a soul,\u201d Chojnacka relates.<\/p>\n

As they explain, the government to this day does not provide much aid to help with the renovations, and many of the specialists who have knowledge of the arcaded houses craft have long since left the country. Figuring out things on your own can be hard. \u201cTo renovate these houses properly, you need special types of wood that are of specific weight and height. A couple of my friends once tried to get a carpenter to help them with the material, but he simply said you couldn\u2019t get this stuff anymore,\u201d says Marta \u0141obocka, a local historian with the We Love \u017bu\u0142awy association.<\/p>\n

Caught in the painful memories of war<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Attempting to bring arcaded houses back to life is quite a task, as the years following the end of the Second World War have weighed heavily on their walls. The area, which was the borderland between the Soviet Union and Hitler\u2019s empire, got ransacked by Russian soldiers as they pushed towards Berlin. Later the post-war reconstruction efforts also eluded the arcaded houses of \u017bu\u0142awy. It was still considered as a somewhat contested land between the Soviet Union and Poland, so the interlocking bureaucratic hierarchies overseeing the region were not keen on pouring resources into the area.<\/p>\n

More importantly, the locals did not see the arcaded houses as part of Polish history but rather as remnants of the area\u2019s German heritage, something foreign that had been forced upon them. Most people did not want to live in such houses, did not want to take care of or renovate them. Consequently, after the war most arcaded houses were inhabited by the poorest who had nowhere else to go. \u0141obocka recalls one such arcaded house that was shunned and avoided by most locals after a German soldier hung himself inside of it, most probably to escape capture by the Russians. \u201cThey just did not want to live there,\u201d \u0141obocka says. \u201cThey thought it was bad luck.\u201d<\/p>\n

Both Opitz and Chojnacka recall that once the dust of the war had settled, sometimes even three or four destitute families would move in together into these buildings. Chojnacka explains that they often lacked the means and the motivation to be responsible owners and helped to facilitate the houses\u2019 deteriorating state. \u201cThey didn\u2019t know how to live in these houses,\u201d she says. \u201cThey washed their hair in the toilet, and they burned the windows and the doors in winter to keep warm.\u201d<\/p>\n

But the government seemed to be on board with this approach: some owners were told that if their houses got destroyed, they would be financially aided to build new ones. That meant that besides the natural and war-caused degradation of these buildings, sometimes people would purposefully harm them in order to get support from the state. The Mennonite heritage in the land of \u017bu\u0142awy has thus been all but forgotten.<\/p>\n

\u201cUp to this day there are people who think like that. They are among those who want projects like this to fail,\u201d Opitz explains. \u201cI always felt that in Poland we have this kind of thinking that we want to see others fail. I have to tell people that I need to run this as a business to earn money, not to get them suspicious. Some people wouldn\u2019t believe that you would do something altruistically.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cultivating agri-tourism to preserve history<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The strive to put \u017bu\u0142awy on the map through agri-tourism continues. According to Opitz, more people are taking interest in kick-starting businesses here, and agritourism endeavours in the nearby Lubieszewo are also taking ground. And here, amidst the bowers and rivers of the lowland, under a painful history suspended in the thin air, he is taking his last stand to make it all happen.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf this business doesn\u2019t work out, we\u2019ll either sell the house or just leave it. This is our last attempt, but I have faith that it is going to now. We don\u2019t need too much money, but we cannot be drained by this whole idea. It cannot be a burden to us. My wife once said: I hope this house will not end up as our coffin.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even though the situation might not seem hopeful at times, Opitz does recognise the importance of his work and expresses a vague hope for those who will follow in his footsteps. \u201cIn other regions of Poland, this sort of agri-tourism has been working out fine for some time, but here we are the first ones. And the first ones always have it the most difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This article is the fifth in a series of articles written by the graduates of 2018\u2019s\u00a0Solidarity Academy\u00a0and re-published in collaboration with Lossi 36. Solidarity Academy is an international project aimed at inspiring and supporting the development of the young intellectuals across Europe. 2018\u2019s Solidarity Academy focused on the borderlands of Central and Eastern Europe, taking […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":2217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_oct_exclude_from_cache":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,14,5],"tags":[1425,52,135,954],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-2214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","category-central-europe","category-civil-society","tag-border","tag-poland","tag-solidarity-academy","tag-world-war-two"],"yoast_head":"\nSaving the forgotten homes of the borderland - Lossi 36<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bringing you news, analysis, and photography from Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. 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